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Slide 1: LIVER FIBROSIS
• Definition:
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the liver.
It’s the liver's response to repeated injury.
• Cause:
Chronic liver damage from hepatitis, alcohol, fatty liver disease, etc.
It develops over time with continuous damage.
• Importance:
If untreated, it can progress to cirrhosis or liver failure.
Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial.
Slide 2: CAUSES OF LIVER FIBROSIS
• Chronic Hepatitis B and C:
Long-term viral infection leads to inflammation and scarring.
Main global cause.
• Alcohol Abuse:
Continuous alcohol intake damages liver cells.
A leading cause in many countries.
• Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD):
Fat buildup triggers inflammation and fibrosis.
Linked with obesity and diabetes.
• Autoimmune Diseases:
Body attacks liver tissues causing chronic inflammation.
E.g., autoimmune hepatitis.
Slide 3: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Liver Injury:
Initiated by infections, toxins, or metabolic disorders.
First step towards fibrosis.
• Activation of Stellate Cells:
These cells start producing collagen.
Central players in fibrosis.
• Excess Collagen Deposition:
Build-up of fibrous tissue replaces healthy liver.
Disrupts liver architecture.
• Progression to Cirrhosis:
Advanced fibrosis forms nodules and impairs function.
Irreversible stage.
Slide 4: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Often Asymptomatic:
Symptoms appear late in the disease.
May go unnoticed initially.
• Fatigue and Weakness:
Common in chronic liver diseases.
Due to impaired detoxification.
• Abdominal Pain or Discomfort:
Usually in the upper right side.
From liver swelling.
• Jaundice (in advanced cases):
Yellowing of skin and eyes.
Indicates severe liver damage.
Slide 5: DIAGNOSIS
• Blood Tests (LFTs):
Check for liver enzymes and function.
Indicates ongoing liver damage.
• Imaging (Ultrasound, FibroScan):
Non-invasive methods to assess liver stiffness.
Help estimate fibrosis stage.
• Liver Biopsy:
Gold standard to confirm fibrosis.
Used when imaging is unclear.
• Fibrosis Scores (APRI, FIB-4):
Calculated from routine blood tests.
Simple tools for screening.
Slide 6: STAGES OF FIBROSIS
• F0:
No fibrosis.
Normal liver.
• F1-F2:
Mild to moderate fibrosis.
Still reversible.
• F3:
Severe fibrosis.
Pre-cirrhotic stage.
• F4:
Cirrhosis.
Irreversible liver scarring.
Slide 7: TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
• Treat Underlying Cause:
Control hepatitis, stop alcohol, manage diabetes.
Stops disease progression.
• Lifestyle Changes:
Healthy diet, weight loss, exercise.
Important in NAFLD cases.
• Medications:
Antivirals, anti-fibrotic drugs (under research).
Improve liver condition.
• Regular Monitoring:
Track liver function and fibrosis stage.
Essential for timely intervention.
Slide 8: PREVENTION
• Avoid Excessive Alcohol:
One of the best preventive steps.
Prevents toxin-induced damage.
• Vaccinate for Hepatitis B:
Reduces the risk of infection and fibrosis.
Highly effective prevention.
• Maintain Healthy Weight:
Prevents fatty liver and related fibrosis.
Supports overall liver health.
• Regular Screening in High-Risk Individuals:
Early detection can prevent progression.
E.g., diabetics, hepatitis patients.
Slide 9: CONCLUSION
• Liver fibrosis is a silent yet serious condition.
Often detected late.
• It is preventable and manageable if diagnosed early.
Early action is key.
• Controlling risk factors can stop or reverse fibrosis.
Empowers patients to take control.
• Awareness, lifestyle changes, and medical care are essential.
Combats liver fibrosis effectively.
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