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Slide 1: HEPATITIS A
- An acute liver infection caused by Hepatitis A virus
- Spreads through contaminated food, water, or close contact
Slide 2: DEFINITION
- Viral liver infection
→ Caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV) - Highly contagious
→ Can spread rapidly among people - Usually self-limiting
→ Resolves without chronic disease
Slide 3: CAUSES
- Contaminated food and water
→ Primary route of infection - Poor sanitation
→ Favors the spread of HAV - Close personal contact
→ Especially in households or daycare centers
Slide 4: MODE OF TRANSMISSION
- Fecal-oral route
→ Virus spreads through ingestion of contaminated material - Person-to-person contact
→ Via dirty hands or utensils - Sexual contact
→ Especially oral-anal practices
Slide 5: RISK FACTORS
- Travel to endemic areas
→ Increases exposure risk - Poor hygiene practices
→ Facilitate transmission - Living in crowded conditions
→ Enhances virus spread - Unvaccinated individuals
→ More susceptible to infection
Slide 6: SYMPTOMS
- Fever and fatigue
→ Common early signs - Loss of appetite
→ Leads to weight loss - Nausea and vomiting
→ GI tract involvement - Dark urine and pale stool
→ Due to liver dysfunction - Jaundice (yellow skin/eyes)
→ Classic liver symptom
Slide 7: DIAGNOSIS
- Physical examination
→ Check for jaundice and tenderness - Blood tests (Anti-HAV IgM)
→ Confirms acute infection - Liver function tests (LFTs)
→ Measure enzyme levels and liver health
Slide 8: TREATMENT
- Supportive care
→ Rest, fluids, nutrition - No specific antiviral therapy
→ Body clears the virus naturally - Avoid alcohol and liver-toxic drugs
→ Prevents liver damage
Slide 9: PREVENTION
- Hepatitis A vaccine
→ Safe and effective - Proper hand hygiene
→ Wash hands before eating or cooking - Avoid unclean food/water
→ Especially when traveling - Sanitation improvement
→ Reduces transmission
Slide 10: PROGNOSIS
- Excellent in most cases
→ Full recovery in weeks - No chronic infection
→ Unlike Hepatitis B or C - Rare complications
→ Fulminant hepatitis in older adults
Slide 11: CONCLUSION
- Hepatitis A is preventable and self-limiting
- Vaccination and hygiene are key
- Early detection ensures full recovery
- Spreading awareness is vital for public health
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