Slide 1:
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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Body Text:
An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, affecting skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs.
Slide 2:
DEFINITION
Body Text:
SLE is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and damage to various body tissues caused by autoantibodies and immune complexes.
Explanation:
It means the body mistakenly targets itself, leading to widespread inflammation and potential organ damage.
Slide 3:
ETIOLOGY (CAUSES)
Body Text:
- Genetic factors – Family history of autoimmune diseases
- Environmental triggers – UV light, infections, drugs
- Hormonal factors – More common in females (especially during reproductive years)
- Immunological factors – Abnormal immune response
Explanation:
Multiple factors contribute, especially genes, sunlight, hormones, and immune malfunction.
Slide 4:
RISK FACTORS
Body Text:
- Female gender (especially childbearing age)
- African, Asian, and Hispanic ethnicity
- Family history of lupus or other autoimmune diseases
- Exposure to sunlight or UV light
- Certain medications (e.g., hydralazine, isoniazid)
Explanation:
Certain demographics and exposures increase the likelihood of developing SLE.
Slide 5:
CLINICAL FEATURES
Body Text:
- Fatigue and fever
- Joint pain and swelling
- Skin rash (especially butterfly rash on face)
- Photosensitivity
- Mouth ulcers
- Kidney problems (lupus nephritis)
- Neurological issues (seizures, psychosis)
Explanation:
Symptoms vary widely but commonly include fatigue, joint issues, and skin rashes.
Slide 6:
DIAGNOSIS
Body Text:
- History and physical exam
- Blood tests
- ANA (Antinuclear Antibody)
- Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Smith antibodies
- Urinalysis (for protein or blood)
- Imaging or biopsy (if organs involved)
Explanation:
Doctors use symptoms, antibody tests, and sometimes biopsies to confirm diagnosis.
Slide 7:
TREATMENT
Body Text:
- NSAIDs – For joint pain and inflammation
- Antimalarials (e.g., hydroxychloroquine) – Reduce flares
- Corticosteroids – Suppress immune response
- Immunosuppressants – For severe cases
- Biologics (e.g., belimumab) – Targeted therapies
Explanation:
Treatment is personalized and aims to reduce immune attack and inflammation.
Slide 8:
COMPLICATIONS
Body Text:
- Kidney failure
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Lung involvement (pleuritis)
- Neurological problems
- Infections due to immunosuppression
- Pregnancy complications
Explanation:
If untreated or severe, lupus can lead to damage in multiple organs.
Slide 9:
LIFESTYLE AND MANAGEMENT
Body Text:
- Regular medical follow-ups
- Use sun protection
- Balanced diet and regular exercise
- Stress management
- Medication adherence
- Avoid triggers (e.g., UV exposure, smoking)
Explanation:
Self-care and regular check-ups are crucial for long-term control.
Slide 10:
PROGNOSIS
Body Text:
- With early diagnosis and proper treatment, most patients lead normal lives.
- Prognosis depends on severity and organ involvement.
- Regular monitoring improves quality of life and reduces complications.
Explanation:
Lupus is manageable, and outcomes have improved significantly with modern treatment.
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